CentOS8 服务篇4：FTP文件传输服务搭建与配置

安装ftp服务 安装完后再根据不同模式进行配置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 只有第一条是必改的，其他的根据要求添加修改即可  12 anonymous_enable=YES            允许匿名用户访问  28 anon_upload_enable=YES          允许匿名用户上传文件  32 anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES     允许匿名用户创建目录

这两个配置文件里没有，在文件最下面手打 127 anon_umask=022                    匿名用户上传文件的umask值 128 anon_other_write_enable=YES     允许匿名用户修改目录名称或删除目录  

防火墙设置

一般来说，这两条不打也没问题 清空iptables防火墙策略，保存状态 [root@localhost ~]# iptables -F [root@localhost ~]# iptables-save  会弹一堆东西，是正常的

将ftp服务放行，保存防火墙配置 [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp success [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  success

selinux配置 [root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp ftpd_anon_write --> off ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off ftpd_connect_db --> off ftpd_full_access --> off ftpd_use_cifs --> off ftpd_use_fusefs --> off ftpd_use_nfs --> off ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off tftp_anon_write --> off tftp_home_dir --> off [root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on                     -P 永久生效，不然重启就没了

重启与开机自启服务 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.  

测试 这里给上其他用户权限才能创建目录     这个目录是匿名模式下访问的默认目录 [root@localhost ~]# chmod o=rwx /var/ftp/pub [root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost    客户端验证就输服务器的ip Trying ::1... Connected to localhost (::1). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3) Name (localhost:root): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> cd pub 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> mkdir sky 257 "/pub/sky" created 创建成功，验证完成

配置文件修改 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf  默认什么都不改就是可以使用的，下面是一下常用的参数解析

 12 anonymous_enable=NO        禁止匿名用户访问  15 local_enable=YES           允许本地用户登录  18 write_enable=YES           允许本地用户上传（允许写入  22 local_umask=022            本地用户创建文件的umask值

用户是否可以切出目录的三个设置，用的时候去掉#号    100 #chroot_local_user=YES     是否开启对本地用户chroot的限制，YES为默认所有用户都不能切出家目录，NO代表默认用户都可以切出家目录

101 #chroot_list_enable=YES    开启特例列表

103 #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list 如果chroot_local_user的值是YES则该文件中的用户是可以切出家目录，如果是NO，该文件中的用户则不能切出家目录，一行一个用户。

禁用用户登录名单配置 只有在 userlist_enable 开启的时候 userlist_deny 才起作用，userlist_deny不打的话默认就是yes 126 userlist_enable=YES   开启“禁用用户名单”，分别为/etc/vsftpd下 /user_list和/ftpusers 127 userlist_deny=NO      只有/etc/vsftpd/user_list 中的用户可以登录ftp                                        YES     只有/etc/vsftpd/user_list和/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers 中的用户不能登录ftp                             两个文件只要有一个里面有用户名就无法登录

防火墙配置 一般来说，这两条不打也没问题 清空iptables防火墙策略，保存状态 [root@localhost ~]# iptables -F [root@localhost ~]# iptables-save  会弹一堆东西，是正常的

将ftp服务放行，保存防火墙配置 [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp success [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  success

[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp ftpd_anon_write --> off ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off ftpd_connect_db --> off ftpd_full_access --> off ftpd_use_cifs --> off ftpd_use_fusefs --> off ftpd_use_nfs --> off ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off tftp_anon_write --> off tftp_home_dir --> off [root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on                       -P 永久生效，不然重启就没了

重启与开机自启服务 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.  

测试 使用“禁用用户列表”以外的本地用户登录，或配置userlist_deny=NO后用root登录 [root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost Trying ::1... Connected to localhost (::1). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3) Name (localhost:root): root 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> mkdir cy 257 "/root/cy" created 创建成功，ok  

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/ 创建一个文件并写入，文件名随意 [root@localhost vsftpd]# vim sky.txt

ftp1    奇数行为用户 123      偶数行为密码 ftp2 123

使用hash算法将明文转换为数据库文件（为了安全 [root@localhost vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f sky.txt sky.db 降低权限，删除原文件，更安全些，这两步不打也不影响效果 [root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 600 sky.db  [root@localhost vsftpd]# rm -rf sky.txt 

创建供虚拟用户映射的本地用户   这个家目录是为了方便管理ftp，也可以换  不让登录是为了安全 [root@localhost ~]# useradd -d /var/ftproot -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser [root@localhost ~]# chmod -Rf 755 /var/ftproot/

创建PAM文件，直接进入vsftpd更改，或创建vsftpd.vu文件进行编写 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu  auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/sky account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/sky

配置文件和虚拟用户权限设置  [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf   12 anonymous_enable=NO

 15 local_enable=YES

 18 write_enable=YES

 22 local_umask=022  最下面添加            127 guest_enable=YES                    开启虚拟用户模式 128 guest_username=ftpuser              指定虚拟用户账户（映射用户 129 pam_service_name=vsftpd.vu          指定PAM文件         130 user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/user    虚拟用户权限配置文件存放路径 131 allow_writeable_chroot=YES           允许对囚禁的FTP根目录执行写入操作，而且不拒绝用户登录请求     (这个不打就登录不了，应该是家目录的原因，改成其他的普通目录应该就不用加这条了)

创建虚拟用户权限配置文件存放路径 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/user      目录名随意，但要与配置文件中一致

对应虚拟用户名创建权限配置文件（名字一样），权限使用匿名用户权限配置 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/user/ftp1     anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES 可以上传文件，创建、修改、删除目录

[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/vsftpd/user/ftp2 创文件不编辑就是什么权限都不给              

防火墙设置 一般来说，这两条不打也没问题 清空iptables防火墙策略，保存状态 [root@localhost ~]# iptables -F [root@localhost ~]# iptables-save  会弹一堆东西，是正常的

将ftp服务放行，保存防火墙配置 [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp success [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  success

[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp ftpd_anon_write --> off ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off ftpd_connect_db --> off ftpd_full_access --> off ftpd_use_cifs --> off ftpd_use_fusefs --> off ftpd_use_nfs --> off ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off tftp_anon_write --> off tftp_home_dir --> off [root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on                       -P 永久生效，不然重启就没了         

重启与开机自启服务 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.  

测试 [root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost Trying ::1... Connected to localhost (::1). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3) Name (localhost:root): ftp1 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> mkdir tt 257 "/tt" created        可以创建文件 ftp> quit 221 Goodbye.

[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost Trying ::1... Connected to localhost (::1). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3) Name (localhost:root): ftp2 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> mkdir cc 550 Permission denied.        无权限创建文件

其余配置文件参数 自带 42 connect_from_port_20=YES            允许服务器主动模式（从20端口建立数据连接） 114 listen=NO                          是否以独立运行方式监听服务      手打 pasv_enable=YES                          允许服务器被动模式 listen_address=IP地址                    设置要监听的IP地址 listen_port=21                           设置FTP服务的监听端口 download_enable=YES                      是否允许下载文件 max_clients=0                            设置最大连接数，0为不限制 max_per_ip=0                             同一IP的最大连接数，0为不限制 local_root=/home             限制本地用户活动目录 anon_root=/home                     限制匿名用户活动目录  

ftp连接后的基本命令 get  下载文件 put  上传文件 mget  mput  一次下载  上传 多个文件 dir   查看当前目录下的目录  !dir  查看本地的 pwd  当前目录路径 lcd   更改到本地目录 bye  退出  

配置文件详解 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities.

匿名用户访问,YES是允许，NO是拒绝 # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. # 本地用户登录,YES是允许，NO是拒绝.默认访问的是本地用户家目录，如果你开启了selinux # 请设置开启布尔值ftp_home_dir为ON # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir local_enable=YES

#允许本地用户上传 # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # 上传的权限是022，使用的是umask权限。对应的目录是755，文件是644 # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access # 开启匿名用户上传功能，默认是拒绝的 #anon_upload_enable=YES

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. # 开启匿名用户创建文件或文件夹权限 #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. # 开启目录欢迎消息，一般对命令行登陆有效 dirmessage_enable=YES

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads. # 开启上传和下载日志记录功能 xferlog_enable=YES

#使用标准模式 # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! # 声明匿名用户上传文件的所有者 # 允许更改匿名用户上传文件的所有者 #chown_uploads=YES #所有者为whoever #chown_username=whoever

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. # 日志文件路径 #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. # 日志文件采用标准格斯 xferlog_std_format=YES

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. # 会话超时时间 #idle_session_timeout=600

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. # 数据传输超时时间 #data_connection_timeout=120

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. # FTP子进程管理用户 #nopriv_user=ftpsecure

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. # 是否允许客户端发起“async ABOR”请求，该操作是不安全的默认禁止。 #async_abor_enable=YES

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains # the behaviour when these options are disabled. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. # 该选项用于指定是否允许上传时以ASCII模式传输数据 #ascii_upload_enable=YES #该选项用于指定是否允许下载时以ASCII模式传输数据 #ascii_download_enable=YES

# You may fully customise the login banner string: # FTP文本界面登陆欢迎词 #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. # 是否开启拒绝的Email功能 #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) # 指定保存被拒接的Email地址的文件 #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) # 是否开启对本地用户chroot的限制，YES为默认所有用户都不能切出家目录，NO代表默认用户都可以切出家目录 # 设置方法类似于：YES拒绝所有，允许个别    NO  允许所有拒绝个别 #chroot_local_user=YES

#开启特例列表 #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) # 如果chroot_local_user的值是YES则该文件中的用户是可以切出家目录，如果是NO，该文件中的用户则不能切出家目录 # 一行一个用户。 #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. # 是否开启ls 递归查询功能 ls -R #ls_recurse_enable=YES

# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. # 是否开启ftp独立模式在IPV4 listen=NO

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! # 是否开启ftp独立模式在ipv6 listen_ipv6=YES

#启用pam模块验证 pam_service_name=vsftpd #是否开启userlist功能.

#是否启用用户列表功能 userlist_enable=YES